Nepal has achieved a historic milestone in eliminating goiter (endemic goiter), a disease once widespread across the country’s hilly and mountainous regions. Until a few decades ago, iodine deficiency was so common that goiter was considered almost normal, and in some communities it was even perceived as a symbol of beauty. Today, that reality has been transformed through sustained government policy, public awareness, and an efficient supply of iodized salt.
The nationwide implementation of the Goiter Control Program, centered on the distribution of iodized salt, has led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency disorders. According to the latest study by the Nepal Health Research Council, access to iodized salt has reached nearly 100 percent of households, effectively eliminating goiter caused by iodine deficiency.
This success is attributed to strong coordination between the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies and the Ministry of Health and Population, with Salt Trading Corporation playing a pivotal role in ensuring a reliable and affordable supply of iodized salt. Even in remote Himalayan and hill districts, iodized salt has become readily available. Government data show that since fiscal year 2013/14, the goiter control program has achieved virtually 100 percent success, particularly in 22 high-risk remote districts.
Local governments, schools, and health institutions have also contributed significantly by raising awareness. Traditional “rock salt” (non-iodized salt) has largely disappeared from household kitchens. The use of iodized salt bearing the “two children” logo is now widespread, and cases of goiter are rarely seen in rural communities.
Health experts emphasize that iodine is an essential micronutrient required for daily bodily functions. Its deficiency not only causes goiter but can also lead to thyroid disorders, reduced mental and physical capacity, complications during pregnancy, and developmental problems in children, including irreversible neurological damage. Iodized salt supports the production of thyroid hormones, which are vital for brain development, cellular function, and overall physical and mental growth.
Salt Trading Corporation currently supplies more than 200,000 tons of iodized salt annually and maintains reserves sufficient for at least six months to prevent supply disruptions. Analysts note that government control over salt supply and pricing has ensured stability and affordability, which has been crucial to the program’s success.
The government continues to promote the message “Eat less salt, but eat iodized salt in the right amount,” encouraging citizens to use iodized salt consistently. With sustained access, effective distribution, and widespread awareness, Nepal has successfully turned goiter from a once-prevalent public health crisis into a chapter of history—marking a major achievement in the nation’s public health journey.